小汽车限行政策实践评述与反思

为解决小汽车保有量增加过快引发的交通相关问题,国内外许多城市开始实施限行政策。本文梳理总结了国内外城市限行政策的演化进程,发现尽管限行政策对缓解交通拥堵和改善空气污染有一定的作用,但不同城市的限行措施和限行效果也各有差异,出行者的一些规避限行的行为可能会对限行政策的实施效果产生一定的影响。     

机动车尾气排放中的气态污染物与金属氧化物之间的反应机制研究

硝酸盐和硫酸盐是大气细颗粒物中的重要组成部分,以往研究发现机动车尾气排放的气态污染物(NOX、SO2)对大气颗粒物的生成有一定的贡献,但忽视了机动车排放的金属氧化物对硝酸盐和硫酸盐生成的促进作用,因此本文对机动车排放的气态污染物与金属氧化物(MgO、MnO2、Al2O3、ZnO、CuO和Cr2O3)之间的反应原理进行了分析.研究表明,在不同混合气体条件下,NOX、SO2与上述不同金属氧化物反应生成的物种(硝酸盐、硫酸盐)促进了大气颗粒物的生成.同时,从金属氧化物表面物种的生成反应来看,各金属氧化物的非均相反应能力存在差异,且Cr2O3非均相反应较强烈.通过研究,丰富了机动车排放的颗粒物组分对硝酸盐、硫酸盐物种的形成机制的探讨.     

Development and prospects of initial alignment method for strap-down inertial navigation system北大核心CSCD

Initial alignment technology is directly related to the navigation accuracy and startup time of the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS), and has always been regarded as a challenging focal point in the research field of inertial navigation. This paper makes a comprehensive survey of SINS initial alignment technology, briefly introduces the basic principles of initial alignment without latitude, coarse alignment with known latitude and precise alignment, and points out their advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions. The research and effects of existing initial alignment error suppression techniques are then analyzed and discussed. Finally, according to the problems of existing initial alignment methods and the development requirements of the carrier, the future research direction of SINS initial alignment technology is predicted. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

城市轨道交通甩站开通运营的信号系统实施方案

在城市轨道交通线路开通过程中,如存在受外界条件影响而不能按期开通的地铁车站,需采用甩站的方式进行开通。秉承对原设计方案变更最小化原则,对信号系统的各个子系统实施方案进行研究,以达到满足甩站运营的实际开通需求。     

新机场管廊基坑邻近高速桥梁基础施工技术研究

新机场高速公路地下综合管廊大部分结构距在建新机场高速公路桥梁较近,基坑开挖过程易导致高速公路桥梁承台及桩侧土体外露,进而导致桥梁基础产生水平变位、不均匀沉降等现象,对高速公路后期运营产生极大的安全隐患。通过3组试验确定最优注浆参数,在管廊基坑开挖过程中对既有高速桥梁基础附近土体进行注浆加固,效果良好;通过对开挖过程中基坑、桥梁基础变形监测数据进行对比分析,对管廊基坑邻近桥梁基础开挖防护施工技术进行总结,为以后同类工程提供借鉴。     

ZPW-2000A调谐区SVA阻抗值对调谐区品质因数的影响分析

ZPW-2000A无绝缘轨道电路调谐区由1型调谐单元、钢轨、空心线圈、2型调谐单元构成,本区段所连接的调谐单元显容性,钢轨、空心线圈和邻区段连接的调谐单元呈感性,这两部分形成并联谐振。分析普速铁路ZPW-2000A空心线圈SVA阻抗值对整体谐振电路的影响,提出调谐区小轨道电路品质因数的计算方法,通过提高调谐区品质因数,可以改善钢轨传输的稳定性,增强调谐区选频性能。     

沉船打捞辅助设计软件研究

根据沉船打捞原理,研究了利用浮筒打捞沉船时的沉船水中重量计算及浮筒配置方案设计,基于VB的可视化特点编制了沉船打捞辅助设计软件,为救捞工程技术人员在沉船打捞的现场决策和设计提供一种有效计算方法.     

做好中间站旅客运输组织工作之浅见

中间站是铁路旅客运输中的一个重要组成部分,一方面为当地的经济发展和人民的出行提供便利,另一方面也在铁路旅客运输中疏解和均衡一部分客流发挥了不可替代的作用。但中间站因所处的地域不同,客流季节性比较强,现结合宿州站的旅客运输特点,浅谈中间站的旅客运输组织工作。     

Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and
2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

广泛应用信息技术,推动中船重工更大发展

21世纪是新经济的时代,随着我国加入WTO,中国与世界的联系更加紧密,合作更加广泛.本次论坛以"新经济时代与世界海事合作"为主题,研究新经济对海事业发展的影响,探讨新形势下国内外合作的开展.